Welcome back to Ballot Boxes of the World, I am Anjali Raghunathan. Today we travel to Germany, where every voter walks into a booth and makes two marks on one sheet of paper. The first vote picks a local candidate for the constituency. The second vote picks a party list, and it is the second one that decides how the parliament is shared out overall. That sounds simple until you ask why the Bundestag kept growing, why there is a 5 percent threshold, and what happens when a party wins more constituencies than its list share allows. A returning officer from Berlin will walk us through election night, which is counted by hand, and an academic will explain the seat formula slowly enough for me to follow it. You are listening on Witspeak Podcasts.